Financial Accounting and Reporting Investment Property

Question: Portray about the Report for Financial Accounting and Reporting for Investment Property. Answer: 1: Report of Plant, Property and Equipment in the combined asset report explanation The plant and gear is referenced under the non-current resources of the united asset report pronounced in the yearly report of the organization JB Hi-Fi Limited. The plant and gear of the organization is enlisted to be $176208000 during the year 2015 (Annualreports.com. 2016). Be that as it may, the money related presentations of the organization JB Hi-Fi Limited is arranged and introduced utilizing the recorded cost show excepting certain budgetary resources and liabilities just as certain particular classifications of the plant and hardware. The plant and supplies considered under the money leases are basically referenced at cost after finding of the gathered devaluation just as debilitation. The expense for the plant and hardware fundamentally includes the uses that is straightforwardly related to the expense of procurement of the specific thing (Deegan 2012). Nonetheless, at the hour of settlement, all or, in all likelihood the pieces of the buy concern is conceded and the expens e is dictated by limiting the aggregate sum that is basically payable later on period. According to the money related reports of the organization, the deterioration is counted on various plant and gear just as leasehold expansions. Thusly, the things of the plant and gear are basically derecognized at the hour of removal (Annualreports.com. 2016). Absolute conveying sum for plant, property and hardware toward the finish of the detailing time frame The conveying sum demonstrates the aggregate sum at which a specific resource can be distinguished after derivation of the general amassed deterioration just as collected misfortunes for weakness. At the end of the day, it very well may be said that the conveying measure of the plant and hardware includes the expense of substitution of a piece of a specific thing when the expense is brought about gave that the models to acknowledgment are satisfied (Deegan 2013). Be that as it may, as referenced in Paragraph 28 of AASB 116 (plant, property and gear), the conveying measure of a specific plant and hardware of the organization JB Hi-Fi Limited may be diminished by method of government gives that are in consistence with the AASB 120 Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance (Aasb.gov.au. 2016). Once more, under the acknowledgment thought expressed in the passage 7, a specific business substance can't relate to the conveying measure of a particular plant, pr operty and hardware various expenses related to the every day adjusting of the said things (Annualreports.com. 2016). In addition, the business element follows the rule for acknowledgment referenced under passage 7 of the bookkeeping standard AASB 116 under which the expense of substitution of the thing when the expense is brought about is thought about under the conveying measure of a particular things of plant and gear (Aasb.gov.au. 2016). Once more, the conveying measure of the supplanted parts are derecognized according to the de-acknowledgment arrangement expressed under the section 67 to 72 of this bookkeeping standard. 2: Composition of the Plant, Property and Equipment toward the finish of the revealing time frame The plant and gear otherwise called the substantial fixed resources can be considered to a class of benefits that have physical presence (Samkin and Deegan 2012). A specific business element holds the plant and types of gear with the end goal of inner utilization of the partnership that are foreseen to produce different financial advantages in the forthcoming time frame (Horngren et al. 2012). The creation of the plant and gear for the organization in this manner includes land, furniture and apparatuses, structures and numerous others (Botzem 2012). As referenced in the yearly report of the organization JB Hi-Fi Limited, the plant and hardware toward the finish of the finish of the announcing time frame 2015 is enrolled to be $ 176208000 (Annualreports.com. 2016). Valuation of the specific resources The valuation of the specific plant and hardware requires the recognizable proof of the expense of the thing that is equivalent to the money cost of the thing identical at the period or the date of acknowledgment (Ryan 2012). Be that as it may, on the off chance that if the installment for the plant and gear of the organization gets conceded past the time of the general credit terms, the fluctuation in the money value comparable and the general installment can be recognized as enthusiasm for the length of the credit until and except if such measure of premium can be promoted by the standards of AASB 12 (Aasb.gov.au. 2016). Once more, one or, more than likely more noteworthy than one thing of property and hardware of the business substance may be gained as against the non-monetary resources or, in all likelihood the blend of financial and non-monetary resources (Henderson et al. 2015). Once more, the expense of this sort of things of property just as gear can be listed at reasonable w orth if not the switch over exchange are inadequate in attractive substance or, more than likely the reasonable estimation of benefit that are neither gotten nor given up can be reliably assessable (Henderson et al. 2015). The element can choose either the cost model as referenced in the passage 30 or, more than likely the revaluation model expressed in the section 31 of the bookkeeping standard as the bookkeeping technique and can apply this methodology to all the various classifications of the plant and gear. In the event of JB Hi-Fi Limited, the plant and gear of the firm are referenced at the expense after reasoning of the amassed deterioration just as amortization. What's more, the expense of the plant and gear of the organization JB Hi-Fi Limited incorporates the costs that can be straightforwardly related to the expense of obtaining of the firm. If there should be an occurrence of the conceded settlement of the buy thought, the organization decides the expense in the wake of limiting the sums that the organization needs to pay later on period to the current incentive as on the time of securing (Macve 2015). 3: Methods of devaluation for different classes of plant, property and gear The organization JB Hi-Fi Limited applies the straight line devaluation strategy so as to discount the net expense of the benefits over a particular evaluated financial life to the separate remaining worth (Annualreports.com. 2016). Nonetheless, it is additionally expected that the reception of the bookkeeping standard AASB 2014-4 that alludes to the Amendments to Australian Accounting Standards Board (Clarification of the Acceptable Methods of Depreciation and amortization compelling from the date January 2016 (Aasb.gov.au. 2016). It is said to have no material money related impact on the budgetary announcements of the organization JB Hi-Fi Limited (Annualreports.com. 2016). According to AASB 116, the organization can use distinctive devaluation strategies to distribute the deterioration sum on a particular resource on basically an orderly premise all through the financial existence of the benefit (Aasb.gov.au. 2016). The systems for computation of deterioration includes the straight-line technique, devaluation according to the lessening offset strategy alongside the units of creation strategy (Laing and Perrin 2014). The straight line devaluation technique prompts a consistent and even charge over the monetary life in ncase if the remaining estimation of the of the benefit doesn't change (Yao et al. 2015). According to the AASB 116, section 62, different strategies for devaluation on plant, property and gear incorporate the lessening balance strategy that alludes to a decreased charge over the monetary life financial existence of the advantage (Aasb.gov.au. 2016). Once more, one more strategy for devaluation incorporates the units of creation technique that prompts a charge that is established on the foreseen usage or, more than likely yield (Hanlon et al. 2014). The approximated helpful existence of the benefits, the leftover qualities just as devaluation technique for the organization can be explored toward the finish of every single detailing period where the impact of the adjustments can be recognized on especially a forthcoming premise (Hu et al. 2015). The approximated helpful lives that the organization utilizes for the computation of the deterioration be ordered into two unique sorts (Hu 2012). The leasehold upgrades are said have3 the evaluated financial existence of around 1 to 15 years. Once more, according to the yearly report of the organization JB Hi-Fi Limited the plant and supplies are said to have the evaluated financial existence of 1.5 years to 15 years (Annualreports.com. 2016). 4: Disclosure of the paces of deterioration and the valuable existences of the benefits According to the bookkeeping standard AASB 116 (Plant, Property and Equipment), the revelation necessities allude to specific guidelines expressed under passage 73 of the norm (AASB 2015). As per the divulgence prerequisites, the monetary presentations of the companies JB Hi-Fi constrained need to uncover for every single classification of the plant and hardware the estimation bases that can be utilized for the procedure of assurance of the general gross conveying measure of the plant property and gear (Hanlon et al. 2014). Furthermore, the exposure necessities of the money related statements incorporate the details in regards to the deterioration strategy that can be use in the current case (Pawsey and Crase 2013). Once more, the exposure necessity additionally has the requirement for the assertions of the evaluated monetary existences of the every class of the plant and types of gear of the organization (Annualreports.com. 2016). Moreover, the organization likewise wants to reveal the gross conveying measure of every classification of the plant, property and gear of the company JB Hi Fi Limited. Furthermore, the exposure necessities of the organization additionally incorporate the determinations with respect to the compromise of the unequivocal conveying sum during the start just as the finish of the particular revealing time frame uncovering the a

The Tale of Genji an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

The Tale of Genji The Tale of Genji is a story that rotates around Genji who is the child of a sovereign of Japan. In spite of the fact that his mom was from a low positioning, the sovereign was partial to her and this inspired scorn from her adversary Kokiden which prompts her abuse and passing. The sovereign, crushed by her passing, weds another lady who looks like his dead spouse intently. In the mean time, Genji grows up and for absence of political help his dad couldn't crown him as a ruler. At 12 years, Genji is started into masculinity and weds Aoi, a little girl of a state serve who is four years more seasoned than him and from the beginning they appear not to be enamored with one another. Genji gets friendly to the spouse of the legislative leader of Iyo, and a sentiment blooms between them. Despite the fact that it is amazingly difficult for them to be together and the lady maintains a strategic distance from Genji somewhat, they cannot help however trade sentimental messages. In the mean ti me on a visit to Rakujo, Genji begins to look all starry eyed at another lady whose name isn't uncovered in the story. Another sentimental scene grows up with the lady with Genji visiting her every now and again in mask. During one night, the lady kicks the bucket in her lay down with Genji lying alongside her. Genji turns out to be profoundly crushed with her demise and the story closes with Genji as yet being spooky by her passing. Need article test on The Tale of Genji point? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue In the story, Komiretsu is brought out as Genjis worker and friend. He is the one whom Genji used to discover progressively about the excellent lady in the place of night faces at Rakujo. Komiretsu in his dedicated support of his lord plays out the obligation constantly and delivers as much data as possible accumulate about the lady. Komiretsu additionally ends up being a counselor to Genji, letting him know on when to visit the lady unnoticed. He takes Genji on his few excursions to see the lady with Genji dressing in camouflage. At the point when the lady bites the dust in rest, Komiretsu is the main hireling called by Genji to help with the circumstance and to demonstrate that he is an entirely trustworthy worker, he shows up and the alleviation on Genjis face can't pass unnoticed. In understanding to his lords wish, he consents to keep the issue a top mystery. He even organizes the mystery internment of Genjis fancy woman. Komiretsu is thusly delineated in the story as a faithful and devoted worker. Genjis sentimental inclinations can be contrasted with his dads somewhat. Genji seemed to create love and warm to ladies of low positioning, for example, the lady from the place of night faces and the spouse of the legislative head of Iyo. He didn't adore his significant other who was of a high status. Genjis father, the sovereign, likewise cherished his significant other who was of low status without question. At the point when she passed on he wedded another lady of likewise a low status. Work Cited Shikibu, M. and Waley, A. The Tale of Genji. Current Library. Vintage, 1960.

Good Essay Topics For Oedipus Rex

Good Essay Topics For Oedipus RexThere are plenty of good essay topics for Oedipus Rex, especially if you know how to pick the right type of topic. One of the main things you will want to know about is the significance of the date that the characters in the play have a dilemma on. Most of the time, the best parts of the play revolve around these dates.Each of the dates will be very interesting idea that will keep the audience's attention on and will probably keep them reading. The problem with most essays on this subject is that the topics tend to be too formal or too down to earth. It may seem like an academic study but a good essay topics for Oedipus Rex can get your point across to the average audience.If you do not feel comfortable with the way you present the idea then you can always make it as simple as possible and still get great essay topics for Oedipus Rex. For example, in an essay you may read about some technical issue that has affected the design of some part of the stag e. You could present a wide range of ideas about the effect that these minor changes have had on the production and possibly put your thesis into the students' minds.Another thing you can do is to give a generic essay topic to the student and let them fill in the details themselves. They may even help you and come up with ideas of their own. However, if the essay is really on the point of why Oedipus Rex was a success, then the topic should be as intricate as possible.This means that you should not be afraid to read the text of the play and provide the students with examples. Even if the students find some words difficult to understand or ideas strange, they will have to think hard to figure out what they mean. By doing this, you will be able to control how the essay progresses.By giving the students the chance to look at different points of view, you will not only make the task easier for them but also make them more interested in what you have to say. After all, when you talk to t he student, you should be able to convey what you have to say clearly. It is important to listen to the students as well so that you can get your point across without getting too personal.By allowing the students to have input, you can encourage them to think about these matters a lot and you can use this to spur their imagination. Give them a reason to ask questions and try to get them thinking about the solutions. Good essay topic for Oedipus Rex is one that is both complex and broad.It should contain the necessary words and have the necessary ideas in order to be coherent. If you cannot write a good essay on this subject, you can always take someone else's word for it. While this may be a better option for you, you may not be able to get away with that.

Ayn Rand And Niccolo Machiavelli Analysis - 963 Words

Countries all around the world have different customs and beliefs and primarily have different types of governments. The United States is the home of free enterprise and domestic tranquility with the type of democracy it has set up to allow it’s citizens to roam the streets in peace and not have to worry about their civil duties to be taken advantage of; other countries like the Republic of China have a political system completely opposite of the one established and adapted by the United States. China is known to be a controlling government and is established to follow communism. Where the government is really in control of everything restricting people to jobs, labor and food. Countries who follow communism believe that being in control†¦show more content†¦Ayn views are good to help people become more motivated to work because I was raised somewhere that nothing is given to you, but earned. That for anything life, if you want something go work for it, no need to ask other people for your satisfaction. Niccolo Machiavelli the man known for enlightenment and self interests. The Italian philosopher who had primarily self interests was man who was not really loved by his people in the year 1498 he was exiled from Florence and after writing a book called Prince he was allowed back in with political favor. Some might ask why is Niccolo Machiavelli not favored by people and it’s because he was a strong advocate for self service to make a government that provides better than people could provide for themselves. Niccolo believed that people were not capable of doing anything right when it comes to all types of causes from building homes and improving infrastructure to building foreign trade and improving the countrys wealth. People were definitely not a fan of his views because it really alienated people to have no say in anything went it dealt with the government. People were scared of this and to be honest so would I, for a fact I could tell you that I would not want to live in a society were me and my fellow citizens had no say because the government deemed its people to be incompetent. Scary to think about that to ever occur in our world. In today’s world that we live in Ayn Rand and Niccolo Machiavelli theories

Male Dominated Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1814 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Did you like this example? Have you at any point felt caught in your very own area? Did you ever figure the inclination would leave? Well the narrator in the story The Yellow Wallpaper never figured her anguish would end. She felt caught in her very own space and the inclination never appeared to stop, it kept getting to her head. I want to center around the narrators sentiment of feeling trapped and what that really symbolizes in The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. This story demonstrates to the reader how much of a male commanded society times used to be, and ladies essentially had no say so in a portion of their choices and even in a portion of their ways of life. This is by all accounts is the repeating topic all through the story and Gilman certainly utilized a great deal of symbols to allude to the reader, which I will reflect on more as we move forward with the essay. The utilization of symbolism and setting represents this topic all through the story. The anonymous narrator in this story experiences an apprehensive issue which is upgraded by her sentiment of being trapped inside a room. The setting of the immense frontier house and especially the nursery stay with banished windows gives a picture of depression and isolation experienced by the narrator. I argue that the narrator utilizes images to feature that she is a casualty of a bigger issue in our general public with how women are seen and the roles that are seen and already in place for them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Male Dominated Society" essay for you Create order Two critical theories I will be using in this essay the Feminism and Symbolic Realm theories. I believe both these theories can thoroughly provide me with a very convincing argument. The scene in the reading that truly appeared to grab my eye as the reader is where the storyteller appears to reveal her own meaning of the wallpaper and truly come to envision the concealed image. Also, another scene I thought could truly help me amid my examination is a scene that included the storyteller and her perspective of spouse John. Both of these scenes support my chosen critical theories thus propelling my argument. The narrator uses symbols to show the reader her role as a women in the time she lived and other women around her. This story demonstrates to the reader how much of a male commanded society times used to be, and ladies essentially had no say so in a portion of their choices and even in a portion of their ways of life. This is by all accounts is the repeating topic all through the story and Gilman certainly utilized a great deal of symbols to allude to the reader. The scene in the reading that truly appeared to grab my eye as the reader is where the narrator appears to reveal her own meaning of the wallpaper and truly come to envision the concealed image. Prior in the story the storyteller said that she had seen a lady behind the yellow backdrop. Her fixation on the backdrop develops tremendously amid the term of the story. Later in the story she comes to what it appears to be an acknowledgment. She saysThe front pattern does move and no wonder, the woman behind her shakes it.( 362) Also, in very shady spots she just takes hold of the bars and shakes them hard. And she is trying to climb through, but nobody could climb through that pattern, it strangles so. (363) The narrator additionally specifies that she sees the ladies out of each one of her windows and how they are similar ladies that we find in our regular daily existences doing some different action. Another fascinating statement I observed to be considerable was They get through, and then the pattern strangles them off and turns them upside down, and makes their eyes white! (363) I think the narrator is stating that once women get past that social obstruction that society has set up for them, they are brung down by the general population of society or perhaps some in their very own assemblage or some may have even died from mental illness. The Symbolic Realm teaches us to pay attention to words, meaning, and language, which is a big conception in this story. Clearly, the wallpaper speaks to the structure of family, drug, and custom in which the narrator winds up trapped. Wallpaper i s residential and humble, and Gilman skillfully utilizes this nightmarish, terrible paper as an image of the local life that traps such a significant number of women. In this story we see how the central perception of women and the role they play highlighted in certain areas. A scene I thought could truly help me amid my examination is a scene that included the storyteller and her perspective of spouse John. It was the end of the fourth of july and the storyteller needed to expound on how she was feeling right now. She at that point says I dont know why I should write this. I dont want to. I dont feel able. ( 359) I know John would think it absurd. I think this symbolizes how much power her husband had over her and how she needed to consider his sentiment of things she did first. Over that he happened to be a psychiatrist so his statement had significantly more weight because of his profession. The storyteller said that John says I mustnt lose my strength, and has me take cod liver oil and lots of tonics and things, to say nothing of ale and wine and rare meat.(359) I think this statement truly adds depth to my contention that he has control over her and she must choose the option to tune in to what he says in light of the fact that he knows precisely what to do.The narrator finds herself financially and sincerely reliant on her better half, John. Commonly she inquiries to herself why she remains in the room constantly. She at that point answers herself by saying, John says it is beneficial for me (355). She thinks about her significant other as a lot more shrewd and more imperative than she, which is the manner in which that society treated men amid the day and age the story was composed. During this period, women were disheartened from joining the workforce and were believed to be more qualified as a mother, and spouse instead of an employee. This is the basic generalization that women endeavored to defeat amid the womens development. Like the narrators opportunity from the concealment of her significant other in the finish of the story, womens effortful fight lead to a triumph in 1920, when ladies at long last won the right to cast a ballot and be incorporated into the political choices influencing society. The narrator experienced mental and also physical battles as did the ladies of this time. In Feminist Criticism by Susan S. Lanser we get a great look at how the feminist criticism is shown in the Yellow Wallpaper and how it changes the readers perception in the story. On page 418 of the source the author goes in depth about the feminist criticism and how it applies to the Yellow Wallpaper. For example, the author says In the contemporary feminist reading, on the other hand, sexual oppression is evident from the start: the phrase John says heads a litany of benevolent prescriptions that keep the narrator infantilized, immobilized, and bored literally out of her mind. They then go on to say Reading or writing herself upon the wallpaper allows the narrator, as Paula Treichler puts it, to escape her husbands sentence and to achieve the limited freedom of madness which, virtually all these critics have agreed, constitutes a kind of sanity in the face of the insanity of male dominance. This demonstrates to the reader that what the narrator felt was similar to a correctional facility sentence under her significant others structure and she really felt a specific opportunity when endeavoring to break down the wallpaper. I trust this source gives us a decent impression of how women may have responded to the male overwhelming society in that time and period. This perusing not jus t recovered The Yellow Wallpaper as a womens activist content yet in addition reconstituted the terms of understanding itself. A feminist criticism moves past such limited causes to embroil the financial and social conditions which, under man-centric society, make women household slaves. Another source I found to be really profound is Escaping the Sentence: Diagnosis and Discourse in The Yellow Wallpaper by Paula A. Treichler. This source gives the reader a deep analysis of the symbols in the Yellow Wallpaper. An example quote in this passage I found to be substantial was Disguised as an acceptable feminine topic (interest in decor), the yellow wallpaper comes to occupy the narrators entire reality. Finally, she rips it from the walls to reveal its real meaning. Unveiled, the yellow wallpaper is a metaphor for womens discourse. The author also states Like all good metaphors, the yellow wallpaper is variously interpreted by readers to represent the pattern which underlies sexual inequality, the external manifestation of neurasthenia, the narrators unconscious, the narrators situation within patriarchy. This scholarly journal makes the reader ask questions as you go through the duration of the source to really grasp the meaning and show the patriarchal role that has been already set for women in society. For example, the author says In The Yellow Wallpaper we see consequences of the death sentence. Woman is represented as childlike and dysfunctional. Her complaints are wholly circular, merely confirming the already-spoken patriarchal diagnosis In the story we see the narrator make certain complaints about her condition and she felt to be feeling worse. Meanwhile her husband would tell her how better she is doing basically just brushing off her statements with his expertise. She is comprised and characterized inside the patriarchal request of dialect and bound to rehash discourse. The Yellow Wallpaper challenges this death sentence. Rather than the organized, cleared male-centric domain, the female heredity that the wallpaper speaks to is thick with life, articulation, and suffering. In Conclusion, I argue that the narrator uses symbols to highlight that she is a victim of a larger issue in our society with how women are viewed and the roles that are perceived of them. During this period, women were disheartened from joining the workforce and were believed to be more qualified as a mother, and spouse instead of an employee. This is the basic generalization that women endeavored to defeat amid the womens development. The wallpaper represents the structure of family, medicine, and tradition in which the narrator finds herself trapped. . Wallpaper is residential and humble, and Gilman skillfully utilizes this nightmarish, terrible paper as an image of the local life that traps such a significant number of women.

Sam Shepard Challenges the Validity of the American Dream...

In the days when the Puritans first settled in the New World, the American Dream motivated the displacement of the original owners of the land for European settlers and a feeling of entitlement to the land from â€Å"sea to shining sea.† In his work, Buried Child, Sam Shepard challenges the validity of the American Dream, both in its original form of entitlement to the land and its resources, and in its modern form as the search for prosperity and family. Perhaps, Shepard asserts, the American Dream stands inherently unstable due to its beginnings in religion, which he portrays as helpless and empty. As its foundation in religion is made of sand, the house of the American Dream crumbles before the storm of reality. Father Dewis represents the†¦show more content†¦When she awakes him, he glares at her and plies Vince to get him more whisky. He is unable to fulfill his role as the provider his family, due to his immobility and alcoholism, yet still acts as patriarch. On the other hand, the mother figure of the American Dream cares for each member of the family, and keeps the family a strong unit. However, when Vince and Shelly arrive, Halie is absent, out with Father Dewis instead of caring for her own family. In terms of the strong American family, neither Dodge nor Tilden remembers Vince. Through the perversion of the typical American roles and the eyes of an outsider, Shepard quickly reveals the American Dream is a faà §ade. Dodge’s failure as a farmer, yet Tilden’s success as a harvester, challenges the American Dream’s claim to the fruits of the land as God-given gifts as absurd. Dodge lives in the very fertile Midwest, where growing crops should not be difficult, however the Dream is impossible to achieve, as nothing has grown since 1935. Tilden, however, who does not harvest food for means of achieving his own prosperity, turns up with a bumper crop. For seemingly no reason, the yard is very fertile for Tilden, who did not work for his harvest. To emphasize the ludicrousness of this idea, the food Tilden brings symbolizes death and suspicion, rather than sustenance and family ties. Dodge very suspiciously demands to know where Tilden got the corn, and will not believe that he got it in he backyard, representingShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesEDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia Alana Filipovich Jeof Vita Arthur Medina Allison Morris This book was set in 10/12 New Caledonia by Aptara ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright  © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication

Early Childhood Education and Care Theories and Literature

Question: Describe about the Early Childhood Education and Care. Answer: Part 1 Explain inquiry-based learning, with references to theories and literature that support this. Inquiry based learning can be defined as the model that is dependent on the ideas from which the leaning abilities of the individuals develop through investigation of problems and various other scenarios and also though the experiences that are faced socially. It was developed in the year 1960s by Joseph Schwab who is considered to be one of the key founders of this Inquiry based teaching (Britto et al., 2016). Though there is a long history for this the literature that forms a base for the IBL is at the level of inconsistency and turgid. However there are many volumes of the literature which provide the description for the teaching approach most of them are in between the disciplinary and the educational journals which support this with huge examples. The inquiry based leaning nature is challenged as the term is not so familiar in the educational literature. Ernst Boyer along with his colleagues support this inquiry based leaning as the challenges of the dualism of teaching and rese arch were lacking the experience by students (Bruce, 2012). So this literature was supported by IBL for examining the teaching research. The another argument that led for the approach of the IBL adoption is that its close association with the teaching-research nexus with the concept of teaching and learning tertiary has to happen in the communities where the inquiry occurs in this field the teachers and the other staff are considered to be the co-learners. Learning through discovery is considered to be the inquiry based, a theory of constructivist learning which is used in the situations of solving the problems from which the learner concludes from the past experience and by using the knowledge that is existing for discovering the actual facts and the relationships of that and also the new truths that has to be learned. Students interaction with the world can be occurred by the exploration and by manipulation of the objects, posing queries and creating controversies or perform exper iments. This theory can be related closely to the work of the Seymour Papert and the Jean Piaget (Campbell et al., 2014). Part 2 Provide ONE (1) example of an inquiry-based learning activity. The inquiry based leaning activity involves five different steps which is exemplified as follows: Questioning: In this phase concept has to be developed where students gets motivated and connects them to pose questions. For instance, a teacher questions, have you ever got the doubt that why the chewing gum gets smaller as you keep on chewing it? This is the topic of exploration and each student is given with the gum to experience and known the phenomenon. After 10-15 minutes size of the gum is reduced the teacher says and answers it by saying its because of the sugar loss it has changed the volume. Then now students are in a position to make questions (Ruhm Waldfogel, 2012). Planning and prediction: After exploring the ideas through experience they form a question and plan is created for investigation of their question. Results prediction will also be made. For instance the question that comes is: how the weight loss can be compared between the sugared gum and the sugarless gum? Does the mass amount that is lost is dependent on how long the gum is chewed? Action plan is made by investigation and the outcomes are predicted (Spodek Saracho, 2014). Investigation: Students are now deeply involved in their own inquires. So time is required for them to finish their investigations. The investigation in this scenario by students starts from weighing the chewing gum that is unopened, a fresh one. Then the gum is chewed by them for 15 minutes. Then it is dried for some time. Then the dried gum is weighted again. Record and report: At this stage of the inquiry learning and recording of their findings and communicating the same which is reported in various ways (Essa, 2012). They format in posing the question, making predictions, investigation description and interpreting the results. Later these results are graphed. Others might use software presentation for reporting. Then all the results are compared for percentages of the content of sugar before and after chewing the gum. Reflection: The phenomenon is again given a taught and investigates in another way which might give the way of new questions because of the inquiry (Gordon Browne, 2013). The new queries are: Does different flavors contain different amounts of sugar from the same brand? Will gum chewed in the saliva lose mass more than the one in water? At this point investigation begins. Part 3 Analyze TWO (2) roles of the child and TWO (2) roles of the teacher in this inquiry- based learning play curriculum. Roles of a teacher: In this inquiry based learning curriculum the various roles that are required for the teachers to work with their students are described (James Prout, 2015). To more specific there are three major roles which are categorized into the instructional roles especially for teachers which are related to the intellectual goals: 1) the direct instruction 2) facilitates the understanding and mind related habits 3) performance Direct instruction: This role of the teacher is mainly concerned about the primary goal of her for informing the learners by giving clear instructions. This should be telling them openly and lecturing them about that which is demonstrated and accompanied by the textbooks. Facilitates the understandings: This kind of teaching provides help for the students to build the meaning and then come to the final understanding of the ideas and the processes which is facilitated. Guidance is provided by the teachers for solving the complex issues, cases and situations by the students. The principal methods that are involved are the questioning; investigating and the comments that are process related in which neither are provided with instructions. Performance coaching: The learners are supported by the coaching in which their ability is noticed for transferring the learning they made for success in the complex situation by their own performance. The performance goals are clearly established by the teacher and then guide them for developing the skills and their habits by giving feedback and demonstration. Roles of the child: The roles of child in an inquiry based learning curriculum is to make ideas of their own and make appropriate questioning of the asked query proper investigation of the situation or the problems that rise and think in a different way by analyzing the issues and find out the solutions by giving predictions for the problems (Gordon Browne, 2013). The student should be an analyst where the problem or the case has to be analyzed from all the different aspects and find out the correct solutions from his own understandings and the guidance provided by the teacher. The learning process has to be understood and should understand the enquiry and provide evidenced by proper analysis from this complex processes. Investigation has to be made after analyzing the issue and approaches should be made in multiples for solving the problem (Campbell et al., 2014). The concepts that are taught by the teacher have to be put on and determine the pathway from their experiences. By this they develop new skills and knowledge in various aspects which makes the investigation complete. References Britto, P. R., Lye, S. J., Proulx, K., Yousafzai, A. K., Matthews, S. G., Vaivada, T., ... MacMillan, H. (2016). Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development.The Lancet. Bruce, T. (2012).Early childhood education. Hachette UK. Campbell, F., Conti, G., Heckman, J. J., Moon, S. H., Pinto, R., Pungello, E., Pan, Y. (2014). Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health.Science,343(6178), 1478-1485. Essa, E. L. (2012).Introduction to early childhood education. Cengage Learning. Gordon, A. M., Browne, K. W. (2013).Beginnings beyond: Foundations in early childhood education. Cengage Learning. James, A., Prout, A. (Eds.). (2015).Constructing and reconstructing childhood: Contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood. Routledge. Ruhm, C., Waldfogel, J. (2012). Long-term effects of early childhood care and education.Nordic Economic Policy Review,1(1), 23-51. Spodek, B., Saracho, O. N. (2014).Handbook of research on the education of young children. Routledge.

Democracy In Latin America Essays - Democracy, Government

Democracy In Latin America Is Democracy Sustainable in Latin America? In order to determine if democracy is sustainable in Latin America, it is important to understand or at least have an idea of what democracy is. There are several types of democracy and each is different. According to the English dictionary, democracy is " a government by the people; especially: rule of the majority by a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections and the absence of hereditary or arbitrary class distinctions or privileges (Webster's Dictionary). It is a common view among American politicians that maintaining democracy in Latin America could be achieved through holding honest elections, installing civilian governments, and preventing military coups (Millett). Although Latin America participates in some type or form of free elections, that does not necessarily constitute a legitimate democracy that represents the people. The power is not necessarily vested in the people in Latin America but with the elected officials. Latin American democracy and United States democracy are uniquely different and therefore they are not comparable by the same definition of democracy. The difference results from many factors. In large part, the Latin America is unique because of its Iberian heritage, history, and tradition (Millett). The conquest of Latin America by Spain and the methods of rule and traditions have largely influenced the development of Latin American democracy. The Spanish mercantile system and the methods and practices it produced have had a direct impact on all the factors that help sustain democracy. The two main factors in Latin American democracy are the society and the economics. Colonial ideas of fueros, caste systems, and church ideologies during the inquisition, have influenced Latin America socially. Economically Spanish mercantilism has made Latin America dependent on outside resources and has given rise to corruption and a loss of trust in the government. In order to have sustainable democracy it is necessary to have the support of the people. The society must support the idea of government in which, "there is an absence of hereditary or arbitrary class distinctions or privileges." Fueros, caste, and church ideologies still impact present day Latin American society. During Spanish rule, government officials and military officials had "fueros," or special immunity from prosecution. Fueros still exist today in Latin America and give no recourse for complaints of the population. This situation instills hopelessness in the society overall. A democracy cannot exist, even through elections, if the elite rules it. In order for a democracy to be sustained, the government must be kept in check if not through constitutional powers then the people must check it. A democracy should have an educated populace; people should constantly question their surroundings to keep a government in check (Aristotle). Latin America must be capable of producing a literate and educated population. Church control of information and perhaps the desire of the elite to keep the population under control have kept a large majority of the Latin American population illiterate. Without education, the population lacks the means of self-analysis and therefore no political ambitions or ideas to make the government better. A strong economy is a major factor in sustaining democracy. Through mercantilism, the Latin American economy was and continues to be, reliant on imported manufactured goods. In the twentieth century, Latin America continues to be a source for resources, not only in raw materials but also labor. It has become a specialty producer of foodstuff, such as coffee, for other nations of the world. This specialization in certain crops has made Latin America less diversified and has contributed to the lack of ability for the countries to feed their people. Urbanization is another factor threatening democracy. Many Latin American countries have only one major city. With the influx of people, to the city, a demand for services grow, and in return drains budgets. A lack of money causes social programs to be cut and in turn, this produces unemployment, social conflict, and political instability. In order to meet growing needs, the government must be able to reduce spending in military areas and other unneeded programs. Many of the Latin American militaries are unwilling to sustain budget cuts, and a majority of the people have no desire to reduce popular social programs. Governments that do attempt to strengthen their economies using budget reductions do so at great risk to their political careers. Other nations have endured during and after mercantilism. To what degree they have succeeded differs greatly. South Asia and Latin

How to Conjugate the Verb Dare in Italian

How to Conjugate the Verb Dare in Italian The word dare† in Italian has the following meanings in English: to hand over, to pay, to entrust, to charge, to give up, and to let have. Considerations When Using the Verb Dare It’s an irregular first-conjugation verb, so it doesn’t follow the typical -are verb ending pattern.It can be both a transitive an intransitive verb the former taking a direct object and the latter not taking a direct object when conjugated with â€Å"avere.†The infinito is â€Å"dare.†The participio passato is â€Å"dato.†The gerund form is â€Å"dando.†The past gerund form is â€Å"avendo dato.† INDICATIVO/INDICATIVE Il presente io do, d noi diamo tu dai voi date lui, lei, Lei d essi, Loro danno Ad esempio: Ti do il mio numero di telefono, va bene? - I’ll give you my phone number, okay? Il passato prossimo io ho dato noi abbiamo dato tu hai dato voi avete dato lui, lei, Lei, ha dato essi, Loro hanno dato Ad esempio: Le ho dato un bicchiere di vino rosso. - I gave her a glass of red wine.Vi ho dato la mia fiducia! - I gave you my trust!/I trusted you! L’imperfetto io davo noi davamo tu davi voi davate lui, lei, Lei dava essi, Loro davano Ad esempio: Ogni mese mi dava cinquecento euro. - Each month, he gave me 500 euros.La mamma mi dava sempre un piccolo compito da fare. - My mom used to entrust me with a little task. Il trapassato prossimo io avevo dato noi avevamo dato tu avevi dato voi avevate dato lui, lei, Lei aveva dato essi, Loro avevano dato Ad esempio: Le avevo dato la camera migliore dell’hotel, ma si à ¨ comunque lamentata. - I had given her the best room in the hotel, but she still complained. Il passato remoto io diedi/detti noi demmo tu desti voi deste lui, lei, Lei diede/dette essi, Loro diedero/dettero Ad esempio: Mi diedero il mio primo premio vent’anni fa! - They gave me my first award twenty years ago. Il trapassato remoto io ebbi dato noi avemmo dato tu avesti dato voi aveste dato lui, lei, Lei ebbe dato essi, Loro ebbero dato TIP: This tense is rarely used, so don’t worry too much about mastering it. You’ll find it in very sophisticated writing. Il futuro semplice io dar noi daremo tu darai voi darete lui, lei, Lei dar essi, Loro daranno Ad esempio: Quando ci vediamo, ti darà ² una bella notizia! - When we see each other, I’m going to give you good news!Non credo che i proprietari daranno le redini dell’azienda ai figli. - I don’t think the proprietor will hand over the reins of the company to their sons. Il futuro anteriore io avr dato noi avremo dato tu avrai dato voi avrete dato lui, lei, Lei avr dato essi, Loro avranno dato Ad esempio: Le avranno dato una mano. - They must have given her a hand. CONGIUNTIVO/SUBJUNCTIVE Il presente che io dia che noi diamo che tu dia che voi diate che lui, lei, Lei dia che essi, Loro diano Ad esempio: Non voglio che il mio capo mi dia la promozione, voglio rinunciare! - I don’t want my boss to give me the promotion, I want to quit! Il passato io abbia dato noi abbiamo dato tu abbia dato voi abbiate dato lui, lei, egli abbia dato essi, Loro abbiano dato Ad esempio: Oh, penso che ti abbia gi dato le informazioni per il corso di Italiano. - Oh, I thought he had already given you the information about the Italian class. L’imperfetto io dessi noi dessimo tu dessi voi deste lui, lei, egli desse essi, Loro dessero Ad esempio: Non desiderava che gli dessi soldi, ma so che ha bisogno dell’aiuto. - He didn’t want me to give him money, but I know he needs the help. Il trapassato prossimo io avessi dato noi avessimo dato tu avessi dato voi aveste dato lui, lei, Lei avesse dato essi, Loro avessero dato Ad esempio: Se mi avesse dato un giorno in pià ¹, avrei finito i compiti! - If he had given me one more day, I would have finished the homework. CONDIZIONALE/CONDITIONAL In the condizionale/conditional: Il presente io darei noi daremmo tu daresti voi dareste lui, lei, Lei darebbe essi, Loro darebbero Ad esempio: Ti darei questa bottiglia d’acqua, ma anche io ho sete. - I would give you this bottle of water, but I’m thirsty, too.Vi daremmo pià ¹ soldi se foste pià ¹ coscienziosi! - We would give you more money if you were more diligent! Il passato io avrei dato noi avremmo dato tu avresti dato voi avreste dato lui, lei, egli avrebbe dato essi, Loro avrebbero dato Ad esempio: Ti avrei dato pià ¹ tempo da passare insieme, ma ero molto impegnato in quel periodo. - I would have given you more time to spend together, but I was really busy during that time.

You Decide ... It's a memorandum Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You Decide ... It's a memorandum - Coursework Example An anencephalic infant has been born in the hospital. It is evident to medically aware community that no anencephalic baby would live for long as this is a condition when the baby is born without a considerable portion of scalp, skull and brain. This condition is caused by the cephalic head end of the neural tube failing to close during pregnancy. But this child was born with a small stem of brain. Hence, she could not be declared brain dead legally. The law of this state does not permit declaring a person brain dead, if the person had even a partly functioning brain. The infant was kept on ventilator as at that time the metabolic functions of her body were working to an extent. The doctors could convince the parents of the child about the non retrievable condition of the baby and they agreed to donate her heart for the treatment of an infant who had a critical heart condition. That infant too was admitted in this hospital. The issue of legal compliance remained. Waiting for this pro blem to be resolved, could have a consequence of loosing an opportunity to save the life of the second infant as well. It was in this painful dilemma that I found myself. There was also the tissue type matching to be done to find out whether the second infant’s body would accept the heart from the body of the first infant. Tissue type matching could be carried out successfully only if tissues are retrieved from the donor within 24 hours of the stopping of heart beat. So, waiting for the heart to cease beating naturally would reduce the chances of conducting a successful tissue type matching. Though the parents of the child were supportive of the decision that I wanted to take, some relatives had a different opinion owing to some religious considerations. According to their religion, death can be accepted only when the heart beat stops, they said. But as John Stuart Mill (2007, pp.78) has rightly put, I believe that, â€Å"the sentiment of justice appears to me to be, the animal

Is Microfinancing empowering women in South America Research Paper

Is Microfinancing empowering women in South America - Research Paper Example This paper concludes that the effects of microfinancing have a positive influence to women empowerment in Latin America. This paper also concludes that the overall empowerment level of women in Latin America is significant and provides spaces for women to run viable businesses and contribute to family’s income. Introduction Microcredit, in a wider dimension called microfinance, has in the recent years become a much favored intervention not only for poverty alleviation but also for empowering women across the South American countries (Hofstede, 2012). Microfinance is an economic development approach that has evolved so as to benefit low-income persons all over the world. The term refers to the provisioning of financial services by financial institutions to their low-income clients. The general financial services are savings and credit; although some microfinance institutions provide payment and insurance services. The definition of microfinance should include both the financial and social intermediations for it to empower women (Inter-American Development Bank, 2012). Microfinance activities involve: * Small loans, usually for working capital * Streamlined microcredit disbursement and monitoring * Informal appraisals of investments * Collateral substitutes, such as compulsory savings and group guarantees * Access to larger repeated loans, based on the performance of a person’s repayment * Securing savings products (Hofstede, 2012). The microfinance industry in Latin America is comprised of numerous number of institutions that can be categorized in 3 groups. The first group is the NGOs which largely provisions financial services to micro entrepreneurs. Besides the financial services, these NGOs provide business development services such as business trainings and consultancy. This is the group that contains the largest number of institutions in Latin America (ACCION International, 2011) The second group is those institutions that formerly were NGOs b ut have up scaled their financial operations and are currently regulated by the banking systems of their country. This can be group can be referred as microfinance Institutions. The last group the commercial banks that have now targeted the low income earners into their trade. This combination of microfinance providers represent what is in the modern age referred as the commercialization of microfinancing in Latin America. Microfinancing is a potential phenomenon that that is used in Latin America to alleviate poverty (Attay, 2007). Empowering women however in micro finance would require several. Microfinance is a potential tool that can have a powerful impact on the process of women empowerment. Women empowerment is a multifaceted process that is characterized by change in a person although all individuals (Unite for Sight, 2010) experience it differently. Women across the South American countries profit from microcredit and other financial services. Strengthening the financial bas e of women and is an important role in empowering them. However, women are not only empowered by providing them with direct credits. This paper examines the perspectives under which women are empowered (Lee, et al. 2010). Problem Statement When examining the impact of microfinancing on women empowerment in Latin America, the following challenges were experienced by the field of microfinance in this region. First, it is important to note that one the key role of microfinance is providing accessible financial

Marxism And Economic Liberalism A Comparison Politics Essay

Marxism And Economic Liberalism A Comparison Politics Essay It is the cause of trade that the science of economics existed, although both are the two sides of the same coin and their effect on the nations relations as well as their direct impact on the people cant be overlooked. It was also said since the existence of trading it was fundamentally international and we cant be basically engaged with trading if it was not open to the outside world. Fundamentally speaking, trading can be categorized as internal or international trading, the first said to happen with the boundaries of the state whereas the latter go beyond the boundaries of the state either between two countries or more which also includes the total sum of trading and the exchange of monies, goods and services. It is therefore, may be said, that there are two major theories that governs the international trade or political economy. First, the freedom of trade and industry as a general rule, although there might be some exceptions, but these exceptions do not make international tra de a license or trade monopoly of that nation only. But the state perform as a guarantor or protector to those traders from its nationals who trade with other nations by finding or creating corporations or institutions, their main tasks is to prosper the states trade and propose the necessary guarantees towards the political, monetary and commercial risks. Some time the state allow trading companies to use the countrys official label on some national products especially those agriculture products, as a mark to its quality and to promote and attract foreign investment to invest in those product and the whole sector thereafter. United state, Japan and the European Union are the world leaders in this regard. International trading in these countries is under the guardianship and supervision of the state, in terms of which products are allowed to be imported and those products that are not allowed to be imported, at the same time, the state (s) made regulations for some products to have proper licenses for the foreign trade transactions to be made. However, nowadays, the restrictions are declining and the countries are leaning towards easing some of these restrictions to promote the balanced international free trade. Marxism and Economic Liberalism comparison Marxism and Economic Liberalism as commercial policies were questioned by Smith as to whether they would increase or decrease the wealth of a nation. Smith proposed the following criterion in support of free trade rather than protectionism.  [1]   High tariffs created domestic monopolies resulting in higher prices leading to sloth, mismanagement and a failure to innovate. The most efficient allocation of resources was attained by self-interested individuals acting on their own behalves. Opportunity costs as to resource constraints meant that protecting one sector of industry from cheaper outside competition would distort resource allocations thus increasing production costs to another sector already efficient and competitive. The second theory was the formerly know Soviet Union Economic Theory or what is known to be as the Marxism, whereby the state was solely monopolizes the trade and exercises it through public institutions founded within municipal departments inside the state that has independent character for the trade to be one source from the total resources of state whole production, to fulfill the states economic plan. In the Marxist approach the economy is a site of exploitation between social classes, especially the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Politics is to a large extent determined by the socio-economic context. Economic liberalism is the dominant perspective today due to the end of the Cold War, the influence of free-market capitalism, and globalization. However, the following specifies the major differences between the two international political theories  [2]  : Free Trade or Economic Liberalism: Liberalism as a coherent social philosophy dates from the late 18th century. At first there was no distinction between political and economic liberalism (economics was not considered a separate discipline until about 1850). Classic liberal political philosophy has continued to develop after 1900 as a purely conservative philosophy.  [3]   Whereas, Economic liberalism emerged as a set of criticisms of mercantilism, understood as the comprehensive political control and regulation of economic affairs which dominated European state-building in the 16th and 17th centuries. Economic liberals reject theories and policies which subordinate economics to politics. Adam Smith was the father of economic liberalism. He believed that markets tend to expand spontaneously for the satisfaction of human needs, provided that governments do not interfere too much. Economic liberals assume that economic policies should increase peoples prosperity. They favored specialization to achieve comparative advantage, free trade, and free markets. Since the 1980s, the global economy has witnessed its renewed dominance. Todays neoliberal economists see a greater role for economic institutions than did classical economic liberals.  [4]   An import liberal economic concept is that of comparative advantage. The law of comparative advantage was developed by David Ricardo. He argued that free trade commercial activities that are carried out independently of national borders will bring benefits to all participants because free trade makes specialization possible, and specialization increases efficiency and thus productivity. Paul Samuelson summarized the argument for free trade as follows: Whether or not one of two regions is absolutely more efficient in the production of every good than is the other, if each specializes in the product in which it has a comparative advantage (greatest relative efficiency) trade will be mutually profitable to both regions.  [5]  According to this logic, in a world economy based on free trade all countries will benefit through specialization and global wealth will increase. Marxism Marxist political economy, in contrast, starts from relations between people and classes, and tries to understand the economy not as a perfect clockwork mechanism but as a dynamic system full of contradictions and doomed to be replaced. Marx did not begin from scratch: he started from the insights of classical political economy a school of thought that the early capitalists gave birth to, as a means of advocating the new system against the defenders of feudalism.  [6]   Marxism sees history evolving through class conflict and revolution in which inequality is progressively eliminated. It achieved great influence after the Russian Revolution but has become less significant since the end of the Cold War. Today the only countries that call themselves Marxist are China, North Korea, Laos, Vietnam, and Cuba. Marxian economics remain influential in analyses of underdevelopment.  [7]   Marxism then has had a significant effect on the world of international relations. Whilst it is fair to say it is not as popular approach as realism or liberalism, it is perhaps the foremost critical response to these long-standing theories. The key ideas of Marxist thought, based in a questioning of what appears at first to be self-evident, is an indispensable tool to any study, let alone to one based so strongly on subjectivity as politics. It is also crucial in a world dominated by capitalism that we strive to look beyond it wherever possible; capitalism is not the be all and end all of political and economic systems even if it does set itself up to be so. Key thinkers such as Cox and Wallerstein have expanded on the basic ideas of Marx and as such made the theory far more applicable to the field of international relations, showing the importance of economics and social trends in state relations rather than the narrower view supported by other theories. Fundamentally, the leading role of the state has been challenged by Marxist authors, and here is where it looks like the approach will bear most fruit  [8]  . The modern world is a dynamic system where the historical power of the state appears to be subsiding in favour of global social movements and inter-state organisations such as the IMF and World Bank. The Marxist approach offers some of the best accounts of both these new sources of power, and no study of international relations would be completely without at least considering what a Marxist approach has to say about them. Different countries in different times has seen many political drifts throughout the history of mankind. Most of the time all of these drifts had the same ideas and goals but they tended to offer different methods of their success. All were mainly intended and focused at the wealth of the public but few of them managed to lead this or that nation to happiness. Liberalism and Marxism are among those political philosophies that have become popular in some countries as the principal forms of political principles. These movements are characteristic of relatively different attitude towards the role of government and political movements in the state. In order to answer the asked question in the beginning of this paper, we shall answer the following question: what are the differences of liberalism and Marxism and which tendency is more relevant nowadays? It is to be noted however, that the liberalism principles have been so popula in many countries around the word. Liberalist theorists claim that the government should play the most possible minimal role in life of the society. As liberalism evolved and during its development, its supporters had to face different allegations or accusations in leaving the public to the mercy of fate and due to various circumstances; some liberals had to change their prospects. Therefore, there appeared different trends among liberal adherents. Theorists of classical liberalism hang on to the idea that in any state individual freedom should be encouraged. The state should limit its regulation of business and economy and it should be assigned by state constitution. Individual property rights, defense of civil liberties and support of free markets are the guarantee of the successful development of a liberal state. In contrast to classical liberals social ones insist on more intensive governmental regulati on of economy, creation of state enterprises and welfare state. Social liberal theorists stand for creation of so-called positive liberty for people which will give them more opportunities, for example health care, education, material assistance (Richardson 263). While comparing the above state intervention to the life of society with the Marxist approach we immediately and clearly can realize their differences they are opposed. Marxist main idea as stated is the following: the state plays the leading role in the life of people at the same time the state is the only authority who can lead the society and provide it with welfare. In The Communist Manifesto (1848)  [9]  , Marx and Engels argued that the means of production determines the very nature of society. This is the linear idea of the base-superstructure relationship: The economy is the base of all social structure, including institutions and ideas. In capitalistic systems, profit drives production and thus dominates labor. Working-class groups are oppressed by the group (in power) who benefit from profit. All institutions that perpetuate domination within a capitalistic society arise from this economic system. Only when the working class rises against the dominant groups can the lib eration of the worker be achieved. Such liberation furthers the natural progression of history in which forces in opposition clash in a dialectic that results in a higher social order. This classical theory is called the critique of political economy. Think of the recent financial crises in Malaysia, Japan, Russian, and Latin America, thanks to the rapid (uncontrolled) movement of money. Marxist-based critical theory thrives today. Not all adherents to Critical Theory are strictly Marxist however. The basic ideas of dialectical conflict, domination, and oppression remain important. Much contemporary critical theory views social processes as over-determined, as opposed to Marxs simple base-superstructure model. They see social structure as a system in which numerous elements interact with one another. A number of approaches to Marxist communication theory can be taken. They all focus on two kinds of problems. As clearly stated above, both of the theories (liberalist and Marxist theorists) have different approaches to the state role in the life of the society. I believe, with what is seen now a days of modern development of countries, liberalism is the best fit political trend with all of its forms, but with more transparency from the politically and financially dominant countries like the United State, who is monopolizing the international authorities especially the financial bodies (IMF, world bank) to their interests. Today in many countries, especially in the undeveloped world, the right of individuals are exercised and can be seen interims of individuals rights to own property in equal way with the freedom of choice. The Current Financial Crisis The financial crisis of September 2008 probably surprised the conventional economists of benign globalisation  [10]  . However, it was expected and been anticipated by many economists (without having predicted its actual date), simply because for those who were predicting it was due to the natural development of the long crisis of late capitalism set in motion in the 1970s. To get a better picture of the current crisis, It is important to take a look back and revisit the first long crisis of capitalism, which shaped the 20th century, as there is such a striking parallel between the developmental stages of these two crises.  [11]   In 1873 of the nineteenth century the crisis of the industrial capitalism evolved. At the time profits levels collapsed, for reasons made clear by Marx. In its turn Capital reacted with a double move, by becoming more concentrated and expanding globally. Creating new monopolies seized profits at the highest possible value, derived from the exploitation of labour. They accelerated the colonial conquest of the planet. These structural transformations allowed profits to take off anew. In recent history, the crisis of capitalism took off in the 1971, when the dollar value went off the Gold Standard. To the same extent this effect of the 1873 crisis took place in the same terms of shrunken Profit , investment and growth levels collapsed again and had never recover their earlier levels between the years of 1956 and 1975. In its terns, Capital here responded as it did in the previous crisis, with a double move both to concentration and to globalisation. It also put in place structures which were to define the second Belle Époque (1990-2008) of financialised globalisation, permitting the oligopolistic groups to take their monopolistic dividend. The same discourse accompanied these moves: the market guarantees prosperity, democracy and peace; this is the end of history. The same rallying of European socialists to the new liberalism. However, this new Belle Époque was accompanied from the beginning by war, of the North against the South, starting in the 1990s. An d as the first financialised globalisation gave rise to 1929, the second led to 2008. We have now arrived at the crucial moment which heralds a probable new wave of wars and revolutions. And this despite the fact that the powers that be envisage nothing other than the restoration of the system as it was before its financial collapse.  [12]   As revealed by the crisis over the capitalist system, the current crisis showed a defect in the global capitalist system, where it was previously based on the commercial capital, and then turning to industrial capitalism, and has now shifted to financial capitalism. The fallback of the role of the institutions of the real economy whereby banks, large financial institutions, stock and bond markets played a major role in maximizing wealth, to an extent whereby the volume of world production of goods and services estimated to 48 trillion dollars compared to 144 trillion dollars the amount of money circulating in the financial markets. In the absence of the proper monitoring mechanisms for financial institutions, this crisis rocked the holiest of holies of capitalist (the lack of state intervention in economic activity). The crisis also brought to surface another problem, the problem of the international financial system, it is necessary in this regard to identify the nature of this system and identify the underlying mechanisms of its association with the dollar: Before 1914 the international monetary system was based on gold (the gold system) and the exchange rates of currencies against each other was based on content of gold behind each of them. Therefore, gold played a prominent role in self-regulation of the economic conditions of the countries and therefore to restrict the volume of money and stabilization in the value of currency. Between the period of 1914 1929 and due to the impact of the global economic crisis at the time when World War I disrupted the economic conditions in the monetary and financial world at large, global changes have taken place and the gold system was no longer appropriate to that era circumstances, and the result was, most countries abandoned the gold standard being utilized. In 1944 the International Monetary Fund was created under the Bretton Woods Convention whereby a new monetary system was introduced which was known as the (exchange in gold) which was based on the U.S. dollar exchange for gold at a price of $ 35 per ounce at the rate of $ 1 per 0.888671 grams of gold, and accordingly, the Central bank in America was committed to convert dollars into gold on this basis and according to the price advertised. the enormous potential of the United States of America in international trade and material resources available to it enabled them to undertake this role, the U.S. Central Bank took it upon itself to maintain the exchange rate of its currency against other currencies for the purchases and sales to the same price as advertised.   Therefore, other countries had to use the dollar in their official reserves alongside the gold and thus the Bretton Woods Agreement has added a unique feature to the dollar and made it the only currency to have a balanced price against gold. America at the time took advantage of its influential role in international trade, particularly with the massive gold reserves they maintain, making it in fact a rival to the International Monetary Fund and the role of the Fund has become a supplementary to the United State. Now a days the dollar is an important component of international liquidity next to gold, and maintained by most countries. Hence, and as a consequence to this situation, it became the duty of others, in particular the European Economic Community to defend the dollar exchange rates, and therefore made the United States to act on fluctuation of exchange rates from the site of the unconcern. Since 1971 and because of the shortage suffered by the U.S. balance of payments and the large decline in U.S. reserves of gold due to its replacement, the ability to exchange dollar with gold was stopped. Dollar began to experience sharp fluctuations in its value and thus emerged a new international scheme based on the currency floating. Following the new style of floating currencies, the turmoil emerged in the international monetary system and started a massive fluctuations in many currencies including the dollar itself, which resulted in redistribution of income and wealth at the international level for the benefit of rich countries.   Americans logic and believe that the U.S. economic recovery should be borne by the international community, particularly the European Union, because according to the American perspective, the revitalization of their economy will inevitably lead to revitalization of the economies of these countries, which means that these countries are countries in support of the actions of America. How can we come out of the current international financial crisis: To be able to come out of the current crisis countries must be able to restore confidence in the financial markets, first through the intervention of governments and central banks to ensure the availability of liquidity to the banking system, and then work on an international level to resolve the crisis. Whereby the crisis has revealed the interdependence of the global economy as a whole it is therefore every state responsibility to come out of the crisis to work together on condensing international efforts to re- investigate the current international monetary system, to give all countries full economic freedom and political right to choose to link their currencies to a basket of currencies to be agreed upon internationally. It is all countries responsibility to work on the repair of work mechanisms in the institutions of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank and to reform the foundations created these institutions to reduce Americas hegemony on it. Work on the treatment and issues of financial control of the financial institutions through the management and supervision of international regulatory bodies by independent and fully transparent bodies. And finally, find a better management of international liquidity and stop the reliance on the dollar and the adoption of the special drawing rights with the composition of international reserves. Listen Read phonetically Dictionary View detailed dictionary

interculturalo event :: essays research papers

1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Describe the event, its purpose, the cultural group originating the event, and how you learned of the event. Believe it or not,(like everything else I’ve written about in this course) my cultural event was Italian/American in nature. The event in question was the marriage of an American groom and an Italian bride. The bride’s family consisted, in large part, of grandparents and older relatives that had been born and raised in Italy. Obviously the younger relatives were primarily second and third generation Italians as well. The groom and his family, on the other hand, were American mutts. Their cultural background was extremely diluted, consisting of a multitude of cultural circumstances. Seeing as the American groom (Richard) proposed, I suppose the origin of the event could be considered American, although without the consent of the Italian bride (Tessa), there would be no wedding, so let’s call it Italian/American in origin. My wife and I were invited to attend the wedding by her great-aunt, who comes from the Italian side of the union. 2) What element(s), if any, is/are similar in your culture? For the most part the wedding was just like any other American wedding. During the ceremony a couple of symbolic and superstitious traditions similar to American traditions were performed. First, whereas in American culture superstition dictates that the bride must have â€Å"something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue†, the Italian groom carried a piece of metal in his suit pocket to ward off evil eyes. I found the second action, one of symbolic nature, a bit odd. In American culture, couples frequently light unity candles to symbolize their lifetime union of happiness. The symbolic gesture in this wedding was a bit different though. The newly married couple smashed a vase, with the remaining pieces representing the number of years the couple is expected to be happily married. I found this act kind of strange. Suppose the vase only broke into two or three pieces (it didn’t, it shattered into hundreds). Such an occurrence would seem certain to dampe n the enthusiasm for a superstitious couple. Aside from a couple of exceptions, the rest of the wedding was similar to any other wedding, with a buffet of food, cash bar, and a D.J. spinning records (or cd’s, as the case may be). 3) What did you see and experience at this event that made you feel confident you understood accurately?

Eharmony Case Study Essay

Question 1: The first general environment that is most relevant to this case is the demographic segment. This segment focuses on population size, age structure, geographic distribution, ethnic mix, and income distribution. This segment is relevant to eHarmony because there main focus is to match their customer’s with potential partners. They need to take in account the matches age, income, ethnicity, and income. In the case, they discuss how they require customers to answer questions about how old they are, where they are from, where they are living, where they work†¦ etc. They take all this information and match it with another customer. The second general environment that is most relevant to this case is the sociocultural segment. This segment focuses on the society’s attitude and cultural values. This segment is relevant to eHarmony because when they match their customer’s, than they have to take an account what their cultural values are and what their attitudes are toward the social norms. The United States is a melting pot of different cultures. Some customers are high on culture and some are not. Demographic segment represents an opportunity for eHarmony because they can expand their company to other countries. The article â€Å"Are You Ignoring Trends That Could Shape Up Your Business† made an interesting point that â€Å"ignoring trends can give rivals the opportunity to transform the industry.† If eHarmony does not go into international markets than they would give Match the advantage of getting more customers on their site. eHarmony wants to be on the top, and the only way they can do that is by entering a new market. Sociocultural segment represents an opportunity for eHarmony because customers want to have partners that work and have the same cultural values that they have. It is all about being compatible with your partner. In the article, it talks about how social trends can change the way people perceive the world around them. By showing customers different matches from different countries but the same values, can open their eyes to their new life partn er. Question 2: When online personal firms entered the market in 1992, they didn’t do well  because people thought the desperate use it. Which caused the online personal market to grow very slow. Everything changed in 2005, because people’s mindset changed and found it acceptable to use online personal site to find their partners. Not just young people use the site but also the middle aged group use this site. According to the article, of the 2.2 million marriages that took place, about 120,000 of them were because of online personals site. It took awhile for the market to accept this new industry to help people hook up and find a suitable person to marry. The strengths of the power of suppliers is that they can increase their prices of their products so they can exert their power over there competitors. Thats what eHarmony is doing over their competitors. There are some drivers that drive the bargaining power of suppliers, which are: (1) there are few of them, (2) they purchase a large amount of total output from the industry, (3) products or services they purchase are homogenous and undifferentiated, (4) switching costs from one product or service to another are low, and (5) there is a realistic threat they could backward integrate into the industry itself. eHarmony does have service that no other company was able to copy well and be as successful as eHarmony. The strength of rivalry among existing competition is that when a company has a big rival then they are determined to beat their competition. They would do anything to make sure that their company is on top. The biggest rival that eHarmony has is Match. eHarmony tries to give services to their customers that Match cannot give. There are some drivers that drive the intensity of rivalry among competition, which are: (1) there are many competitors of roughly equal size, (2) the industry has slow or no growth, (3) exit barriers are high, (3) existing firms are committed to staying in the industry, and (3) there are few bases of competition beyond price. Match and eHarmony are almost equal into size and they intend to grow even more. Match is determined to beat eHarmony for the top position in the industry. The two opportunities that would reshape the industry structure are shifting threat of substitution and new bases of rivalry. Shifting threat of substitution is when a substitute becomes more or less threatening because of the advances in technology that creates new substitutes. New Bases of  rivalry is when mergers and acquisitions introduce new ways of competing, or technology innovation can reshape rivalry. Question 3: eHarmony competitive advantage is that it uses a scientific developed questionnaire based on Dr. Warren’s 29 dimensions. Another advantage is that they are the first online personals site centered around marriage minded individuals. The last advantage is that they are exclusive on who they allow to use the site. The competitive advantage is sustainable because they satisfy the four criteria in sustaining competitive advantage. The first criteria is valuable capabilities and they satisfy this criteria because the founder created this extensive questionnaire that he uses to determine which person they are compatible with. The second criteria is rare capabilities and they satisfy this criteria because the founder has a PhD in psychology and he did is practice in marriage and love. He was the one who created the questionnaire and he was the one who created the algorithm on how to match the customers together. No other company was able to imitate that. The third criteria is costly to imitate and they satisfy this criteria because no other company was able to create the algorithm that the founder was able to create to match their customers together. The last criteria is non substitutable and they met this criteria because there is nothing that substitutes it. Question 4: I believe that eHarmony should choose the last option, which is the rapid geographic expansion. They should take this option because they want to beat their competition and get more clients. They have already got their place in the US market, now its time to expand the business and become global. In the case, it says that in European Union nations, online dating is very popular. eHarmony does not realize that besides the US, there are other countries where online dating is popular. The downside of expanding is that they are not sure how these other countries might react with online dating. The countries would either accept them or decline them. They would loose a lot of money. Another downside is that they are not sure if their questionnaire and there algorithm would work in other countries. They would need to think about the social and cultural norms of each country. I did not choose the third option, which was that eHarmony wanted to create sites that focused on key life stages such as wedding, pregnancy- fertility care, and elder care. I feel that eHarmony is known for the match making place and not known for doing life stages. I feel that they should first master one side of the company before they start jumping into new industries. Question 5: eHarmony has an effective strategic leadership because Greg Waldrof, the CEO has all the qualities of a level 5 executive. Mr. Waldroff wanted to make sure that his company is the top company in the match making industry. He created a questionnaire and a formula on how to interpret the results. He made sure his staff understood it and used it correctly. The second reason why eHarmony has an effective strategic leadership is because the leaders of the firm made sure that the organization culture was kept in tact. Their culture was to create good matches for their customers. The leaders made sure everyone understood that. The last reason why eHarmony has an effective strategic leadership is because of their ethical practices. In eHarmony, they screen their customers before they can create a profile and buy the packages. They don’t allow married customers on the site because they want their customers to feel that the people on this site are looking for marriage.

The cause of the mass extinction in k-t boundary Free Essay Example, 2000 words

However, this paper discusses the most significant geological conditions and hypotheses that led to this massive extinction, elucidating the strengths and weaknesses of both accepted hypotheses nowadays, and the illustration of how the event is a gradual event and not a catastrophic event. Discussion Background information: The K-T extinction All the huge vertebrates on Earth, ashore, at ocean, and circulating everywhere (all dinosaurs, plesiosaurs, mosasaurs, and pterosaurs) all of a sudden was terminated about 65 Ma, at the end of the Cretaceous Period. This eradication denotes a real boundary in Earths history, the K-T or Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, and the end of the Mesozoic Era. Regardless of the scale of the terminations, we should not assume that the K-T boundary denoted a catastrophe for all living things. The K-T setbacks included the greater part of the extensive animals of the time, and the diminutive microscopic fish that produce a large portion of the essential processing in the seas. The K-T terminations were a worldwide occasion, and the conditions that led to this are geographic change, oceanographic change, climatic change, or an extraterrestrial occasion has all the researchers focused on asteroid impact and Deccan volcanism (Keller G. We will write a custom essay sample on The cause of the mass extinction in k-t boundary or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now A., 2008). Asteroid Impact A shooting star enormous enough to be known as a little space rock hit Earth decisively at the time of the K-T eradication. They found that shakes set down unequivocally at the K-T boundary hold unprecedented measures of the metal iridium. Where the boundary is in marine dregs, the iridium happens in a layer simply over the last Cretaceous micro-fossils, and the residue above it hold Paleocene micro-fossils from the most prompt piece of the Cenozoic (Elkins-Tanton, 2005). The iridium is available just in the boundary rocks and subsequently was kept in a solitary extensive spike: a short occasion. Iridium happens in ordinary ocean bottom silt in tiny amounts, yet the iridium spike at the K-T boundary is vast. The Alvarez aggregate in this way recommended that iridium be scattered worldwide from a billow of miscellaneous items that structured as a space rock struck some place on Earth. A space rock enormous enough to disperse the assessed measure of iridium in the overall spike at the K-T boundary may have been something like 6 miles. All over North America, the K-T boundary earth holds glass spherules, and simply over the mud is a more slender layer that holds iridium alongside parts of quartz.